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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Rhodomelaceae – Tribe Pterosiphonieae
Selected citations: J. Agardh 1863: 834. De Toni 1896: 228; 1903: 979. De Toni & Ford 1923: 43. Falkenberg 1901: 291, pl. 4 figs 14–19. Garnet 1971: 95. Hooker & Harvey 1847: 398. Kützing 1849: 874; 1866: 4, pl. 9a-c. Kylin 1956: 529. Lucas 1909: 42; 1929a: 22; 1929b: 51. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 278, fig. 124. Mazza 1909: No. 302. Oltmanns 1922: 329, figs 538 (4, 6), 597 (5). Reinbold 1898: 48; 1899: 48. Schmitz & Falkenberg 1897: 455. Sonder 1853: 697; 1855: 523; 1880: 32. Tate 1882a: 22. Tisdall 1898: 513. Wilson 1892: 168.
Synonyms
Jeannerettia pedicellata (Harvey) Papenfuss 1942: 448. Ducker et al. 1977: 87. Fuhrer et al. 1981: pl. 35. Guiler 1952: 105. Huisman 1997: 205. Huisman & Walker 1990: 435. May 1965: 399. Shepherd 1983: 83. Shepherd & Womersley 1981: 368. Silva et al. 1996: 502. Womersley 1950: 188; 1966: 154.
Pollexfenia nana J. Agardh 1892: 164. De Toni 1903: 981. Lucas 1909: 42. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 280. Tisdall 1898: 513. Wilson 1892: 168.
Jeannerettia nana (J. Agardh) Papenfuss 1942: 448. May 1965: 399.
?Pollexfenia crenata J. Agardh 1892: 165. De Toni 1903: 980. Lucas 1909: 42. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 279. Tisdall 1898: 513. Wilson 1892: 168.
?Jeannerettia crenata (J. Agardh) Papenfuss 1942: 448. May 1965: 399.
Thallus (Fig. 153A) erect, red-brown, 5–20 cm high, membranous, complanately branched, main branches with lobed to elongate lateral branches, 5–12 mm broad in plants on rough-water coasts and 2–4 mm broad in some plants (Fig. 153B) on sheltered coasts; branch apices rounded. Holdfast an expanding, clasping, pad; usually epiphytic on Amphibolis, occasionally on Posidonia, possibly epilithic. Structure. Branch apices (Fig. 153C) with numerous apical cells producing congenitally fused systems, the axial cells cutting off 4 pericentral cells, 2 on each surface; axial cells branched usually 2 cells apart, with unicellular primordia (becoming multicellular) cut off from the alternate cells on alternate sides of the thallus; apical cells squat, 8–16 µm in diameter, the axial cells branching every few cells. Mature pericentral cell dividing transversely (Fig. 153D) with 4–8 derivatives corresponding to each axial cell in length, 30–80 (–100) µm in diameter and 70–180 µm long, L/D mostly 1.5–2. Thallus 2 cells thick and without a defined midrib. Trichoblasts in branched tufts, above and arising from the axial primordia, on alternate sides of the thallus. Cells probably uninucleate; rhodoplasts discoid, chained in larger cells.
Reproduction: Reproductive structures are associated with the trichoblast tufts on the axial primordia.
Gametophytes dioecious. Procarps on a branch of the trichoblasts, with a 4-celled carpogonial branch. Carposporophytes with a basal fusion cell and much branched gonimoblast with clavate terminal carposporangia 25–40 µm in diameter. Cystocarps (Fig. 153E) ovoid, short-stalked, 700–1000 µm in diameter; pericarp 2 cells thick, ecorticate, outer cells isodiametric (20–) 45–60 µm across. Spermatangial organs (Fig. 153F) as a branch of trichoblasts, elongate-ovoid, 80–150 µm in diameter and 120–270 µm long, with usually single basal and apical sterile cells, spermatangia ovoid, 8–10 µm in diameter.
Stichidia (Fig. 153G) in tufts associated with trichoblasts, 180–300 µm in diameter and 400–700 µm long, ecorticate, with tetrasporangia in a close spiral, one per segment, 50–90 µm in diameter, with 2–3 cover cells.
Type from Georgetown, Tas.; lectotype (Gunn 1272) in Herb. Harvey, TCD.
Selected specimens: Yanchep, W. Aust., drift (Womersley, 22.ix.1979; AD, A51261). Safety Bay, W. Aust., drift (Womersley, 18.viii.1979; AD, A50772). Eucla, W. Aust., on Amphibolis, drift (Womersley, 5.x.1979; AD, A50702). N Spencer Gulf, S. Aust., 10 m deep (Shepherd, 6.ix.1973; AD, A44485). Dany Beach, Corny Point, S. Aust., on Amphibolis antarctica, drift (Womersley, 15.x.1989; AD, A59901). West Cape, Yorke Pen., S. Aust., 5 m deep (Baker, 26.x.1993; AD, A66348). Off Adelaide, Gulf St Vincent, S. Aust., 15–19 m deep (R. Lewis, 3.xii.1986; AD, A57311). West Beach, Gulf St Vincent, S. Aust., on Posidonia, 5 m deep (Shepherd, 13.xi.1970; AD, A37698). Wright I., Victor Harbor, S. Aust., on Amphibolis, 3 m deep (Hone, 25.x.1989; AD, A66962). Point Tinline, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., drift (O'Leary, 5.xi.1990; AD, A60778). Rocky Point, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., on Posidonia, drift (Womersley, 4.vi.1947; AD, A5694 and 23.viii.1963; AD, A26771). Muston, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., channel edge (Womersley, 29.ix.1964; AD, A28225). Antechamber Bay, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., on Amphibolis, drift (Womersley, 18.viii.1948; AD, A8684). Robe, S. Aust., on Amphibolis, drift near jetty (Hotchkiss, 2.xi.1997; AD, A67760). Double Corner Beach, Portland, Vic., on Amphibolis, drift (Beauglehole, 14.vii.1951; AD, A21592). Point Lonsdale, Vic., drift (Sinkora Al 128, 8–12.xi.1970; AD, A62726). St Leonards, Port Phillip, Vic., 1–3 m deep (Womersley, 9.viii.1959; AD, A23099). Walkerville, Vic., drift (Sinkora A2650; 23.xi.1979; AD, A61048). Low Head, Tas. (Perrin, Nov.1949; AD, A49611). Bombay Rock, Tamar Est., Tas., upper sublittoral (Womersley, 27.i. / 949: AD, A10367). Bridport, Tas., on Amphibolis, drift (Womersley, 23.x.1986; AD, A57791). Great Taylor Bay, Bruny I., Tas., 10 m deep (Shepherd, 7.ii.1970; AD, A35291).
Distribution: Houtman Abrolhos, W. Aust., to Walkerville, Vic., and around Tasmania; doubtfully Queensland (Lewis 1984, p. 55).
Taxonomic notes: Pollexfenia pedicellata is a common and distinctive alga, varying considerably in branch width, broad on rough-water and moderate coasts to slender in calm conditions.
Pollexfenia nana J. Agardh (holotype in Herb. Agardh, LD, 38118) from Port Phillip Heads, is a small fragment of the narrow form, similar to var. angustata Harvey ex Sonder (1853, p. 697; 1855, p. 523), which is not here recognised as a distinct entity.
Pollexfenia crenata J. Agardh is placed under P. pedicellata with some doubt. It is only known from collections from Port Phillip Heads, Vic. (lectotype Wilson 18/89, 9.i.1889; LD, 38122). These are small plants characterised by a dentate margin, but are regarded as unusual forms of P. pedicellata.
Placophora ?cucullata J. Agardh (1892, p. 175) is not a synonym of Pollexfenia pedicellata as Falkenberg (1901, p. 295) suggested but is a poor, minute, specimen of Hypoglossum (see under H. revolutum).
P. pedicellata was recorded by Martens (1868, p. 32) from Zamboanga, Philippines, but this almost certainly applies to a different alga.
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1863). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 3, pp. 787–1291. (Gleerup: Lund.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1892). Analecta Algologica. Acta Univ. lund. 28, 1–182, Plates 1–3.
DE TONI, G.B. (1896). Pugillo di alghe Australiane Raccolte all'isola di Flinders. Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1896, 224–231.
DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3. pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)
DUCKER, S.C., FOORD, N.J. & KNOX, R.B. (1977). Biology of Australian Seagrasses: the genus Amphibolis C. Agardh (Cymodoceaceae). Aust. J. Bot. 25, 67–95.
FALKENBERG, P. (1901). Die Rhodomelaceen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel. Monogr. 26. (Friedländer: Berlin.)
FUHRER, B., CHRISTIANSON, I.G., CLAYTON, M.N. & ALLENDER, B.M. (1981). Seaweeds of Australia. (Reed: Sydney.)
GARNET, J.R. (1971). Checklist No. 6 – Marine and Freshwater Algae. In The Wildflowers of Wilson's Promontory National Park, pp. 93–97. (Lothian: Melbourne.)
GUILER, E.R. (1952). The marine algae of Tasmania. Checklist with localities. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 86, 71–106.
HARVEY, W.H. (1844b). Algae of Tasmania. Lond. J. Bot. 3, 428–454.
HARVEY, W.H. (1846). Algae of Tasmania. Tas. Journal 2, 377–384, 421–427. [N.B. This is a reprint of Harvey 1844b.]
HARVEY, W.H. (1847). Nereis Australis, pp. 1–69, Plates 1–25. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1855a). Some account of the marine botany of the colony of Western Australia. Trans. R. Jr. Acad. 22, 525–566.
HARVEY, W.H. (1859b). Algae. In Hooker, J.D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. III. Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. II, pp. 282–343, Plates 185–196. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
HOOKER, J.D. & HARVEY, W.H. (1847). Algae Tasmanicae. Lond. J. Bot. 6, 397–417.
HUISMAN, J.M. & WALKER, D.I. (1990). A catalogue of the marine plants of Rottnest Island, Western Australia, with notes on their distribution and biogeography. Kingia 1, 349–459.
HUISMAN, J.M. (1997). Marine Benthic Algae of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In Wells, F.E. (Ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, pp. 177–237. (W. Aust. Museum: Perth.)
KÜTZING, F.T. (1849). Species Algarum. (Leipzig.)
KÜTZING, F.T. (1866). Tabulae Phycologicae. Vol. 16. (Nordhausen.)
KYLIN, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. (Gleerups: Lund.)
LEWIS, J.A. (1984). Checklist and bibliography of benthic marine macroalgae recorded from northern Australia. I. Rhodophyta. Dept. Defence, Materials Res. Lab., Melbourne, Vic. Report MRL-R-912.
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929a). The marine algae of Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1928, 6–27.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929b). A census of the marine algae of South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 53, 45–53.
MARTENS, G. von (1868). Die Tange. In Die Preussische Expedition nach Ost-Asien. Bot. Theil. (Berlin.)
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S. W. Natl Herb. 3, 349–429.
MAZZA, A. (1909). Saggio di Algologia Oceanica. Nuova Notarisia 20, Nos. 275–308.
OLTMANNS, F. (1922). Morphologie und Biologie der algen. Zweite, umgearbeitete auflage Zipeiter Bd. Phaeophyceae-Rhodophyceae. (Jena.)
PAPENFUSS, G.F. (1942). Notes on algal nomenclature: I. Pollexfenia, Jeannerettia and Mesotrema. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 28, 446–451.
REINBOLD, T. (1898). Die Algen der Lacepede und Guichen Bay (Süd Australien) und deren näherer Umgebung, gesammelt von Dr. A. Engelhart-Kingston. II. Nuova Notarisia 9, 33–54.
REINBOLD, T. (1899). Meeresalgen von Investigator Street (Süd Australien), gesammelt von Miss Nellie Davey (Waltham, Honiton). Hedwigia 38, 39–51.
SCHMITZ, F. & FALKENBERG, P. (1897). Rhodomelaceae. In Engler, A. & Prantl, K., Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. T.1. Abt. 2, pp. 421–480. (Englemann: Leipzig.)
SHEPHERD, S.A. & WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1981). The algal and seagrass ecology of Waterloo Bay, South Australia. Aquat. Bot. 11, 305–371.
SHEPHERD, S.A. (1983). Benthic communities of upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 107, 69–85.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (Univ. California Press: Berkeley.)
SONDER, O.W. (1853). Plantae Muellerianae. Algae. Linnaea 25, 657–709.
SONDER, O.W. (1855). Algae annis 1852 et 1853 collectae. Linnaea 26, 506–528.
SONDER, O.W. (1880). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
TATE, R. (1882a). A list of the charas, mosses, liverworts, lichens, fungs, and algals of extratropical South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 4, 5–24.
TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.
WILSON, J.B. (1892). Catalogue of algae collected at or near Port Phillip Heads and Western Port. Proc. R. Soc. Viet. 4, 157–190.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1950). The marine algae of Kangaroo Island. III. List of Species 1. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 73, 137–197.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1966). Port Phillip survey, 1957–1963: Algae. Mem. natl. Mus., Vict. No. 27, 133–156.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIG. 153.
Figure 153 enlarge
Fig. 153. Pollexfenia pedicellata (A, C, E, AD, A67760; B, AD, A5694; D, F, G, AD, A26771). A. Habit, rough-water plant. B. Habit, on Posidonia in sheltered habitat. C. Growing margin of thallus. D. Surface view of thallus showing transverse division of some pericentral cells. E. Cystocarp. F. Spermatangial organs on trichoblasts. G. Stichidia.
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