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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet

Echinothamnion hystrix (Hooker & Harvey) Kylin 1956: 506.

Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Rhodomelaceae – Tribe Polysiphonieae

Selected citations: Adams 1994: 327, pl. 111 upper right. Fuhrer et al. 1981, pls 79, 80. Huisman 2000: 165. May 1965: 383. Shepherd 1983: 83. Shepherd & Womersley 1981: 367. Silva et al. 1996: 492.

Synonyms

Polysiphonia hystrix Hooker & Harvey 1847: 398. J. Agardh 1863: 1017. De Toni 1896: 228; 1903: 906. De Toni & Forti 1923: 40. Falkenberg 1901: 138. Guiler 1952: 103. Harvey 1847: 41, pl. xiv; 1855a: 539; 1859b: 299; 1863, synop.: xix. Kützing 1849: 832; 1864: 6, pl. 18a-c. Levring 1946: 226. Lucas 1909: 41; 1929a: 22; 1929b: 51. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 265, fig. 120. Reinbold 1897: 56. Segi 1966: 509, pl. XIVC. Sonder 1853: 701; 1855: 524; 1880: 34. Tate 1882a: 23. Tisdall 1898: 514. Wilson 1892: 167. Womersley 1950: 185.

Polysiphonia polyphora Kützing 1849: 837; 1864: 11, pl. 32d-g. J. Agardh 1863: 1074.

Thallus (Fig. 94A) dark brown-red, erect, 10–35 cm high, moderately branched with long, terete, heavily corticated main indeterminate branches bearing irregularly radial indeterminate laterals, all branches clothed with short tufts of ecorticate determinate laterals 1–2 (–3) mm long. Axes often denuded basally, 1–2 mm in diameter below, tapering gradually to 0.2–0.4 mm in diameter near apices. Holdfast fibrous 0.5–2 cm across; epilithic or epiphytic. Structure. Apical cells (Fig. 94B) of indeterminate branches dome-shaped, 8–10 µm in diameter, with 4 peri-central cells and producing spirally arranged determinate branches close to apices. Cortication commencing close to apices (especially in rough-water plants) with the pericentral cells remaining conspicuous in transverse section (Fig. 94C), outer cortical cells irregular in shape, mostly L/D 1–2. Determinate laterals first simple (remaining so near base of some plants), soon branched from near the base of their primary branch (Fig. 94F); lesser branches 0.5–1.5 mm long, 60–120 µm in diameter and tapering near their apices, segments L/D 1–2 (–2.5). Trichoblasts mainly on lateral branches of determinate laterals, 0.5–1 mm long, branched, soon caducous. Cells probably uninucleate; rhodoplasts discoid to elongate, becoming chained.

Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Procarps on trichoblasts on young laterals of determinate branches, with a supporting cell bearing a 4-celled carpogonial branch surrounded by a pre-fertilization pericarp. Carposporophytes with a small basal fusion cell and short gonimoblast filaments bearing clavate terminal carposporangia 30–40 µm in diameter. Cystocarps (Fig. 94D) sessile, slightly urceolate with a short neck, 500–750 µm in diameter; pericarp ostiolate, 2 cells thick, outer cells isodiametric, angular. Spermatangial branches (Fig. 94E) on basal branches of trichoblasts, ovoid, 50–90 µm long and 30–45 µm in diameter, no sterile apical cell.

Tetrasporangia (Fig. 94F) in lateral branches of determinate branches, single per segment, spirally arranged and bulging the branch, 50–75 µm in diameter.

Type from Georgetown, Tas. (Gunn); lectotype in Herb. Hooker, BM.

Selected specimens: Nichol Bay, W. Aust., (1880; MEL, 45690). Port Denison, W. Aust., drift (Kraft 3987, 14.xii.1971; AD, A41733). Safety Bay, W. Aust., on Posidonia, drift (Womersley, 29.ix.1979; AD, A50734). Israelite Bay, W. Aust., epiphytic, drift (Wells, 10.xii.1974; AD, A46079). Marion Bay, S. Aust., drift (Gordon-Mills, 24.v.1981; AD, A52200). Investigator Strait, S. Aust., 27 m deep (Watson, 10.i.1971; AD, A38469). N Spencer Gulf, S. Aust., 10 m deep (Shepherd, 6.ix.1973; AD, A44460). Tiparra Reef, S. Aust., 11 m deep (Shepherd, 23.xii.1970; AD, A38273). Point Riley, Yorke Pen., S. Aust., 5 m deep (Edyvane, 17.vi.1995; AD, A64475). Off Troubridge Light, S. Aust., 18 m deep (Shepherd, 4.ii.1969; AD, 33577). 10 km W of Outer Harbor, S. Aust., on "John Robb" wreck, 22 m deep (F. Mitchell, 5.iv.1959; AD, A22253). Off Port Noarlunga, S. Aust., on scallops, 24 m deep (Ottaway, 3.ii.1981; AD, A52080). Penneshaw, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., on reef, 6 m deep (Lavers, 8.i.1997; AD, A66878). Robe, S. Aust., drift W of jetty (Hotchkiss, 2.xi.1997; AD, A67623). Port Campbell, Vic., drift (Womersley, 27.i.1964; AD, A28065). Dutton Bay, Portland, Vic., drift (Womersley, 13.iv.1959; AD, A22681). Point Lonsdale, Vic., drift (Sinkora A1036, 14.xi.1970; AD, A49456). Cat, Bay, Phillip I., Vic., drift (Womersley, 10.iv.1951; AD, A22726). Walkerville, Vic., drift (Sinkora A1838, 6.xii.1973; MEL, 504892, AD, A49465). Ulverstone, Tas., drift (Gordon, 18.i.1966; AD, A29986). Low Head, Tas. (Perrin, Feb. 1940; AD, A9003). Taroona, Tas., drift (Westphalen, 31.i.1997; AD, A66910). Fluted Cape, Bruny I., Tas., 16 m deep (Shepherd, 10.ii.1972; AD, A41503).


Distribution map based
on current data relating to
specimens held in the
State Herbarium of SA

Distribution: Nichol Bay, W. Aust., to Walkerville, Vic., and around Tasmania. New Zealand ? (Adams 1994, p. 327).

Taxonomic notes: E. hystrix is a common species, varying considerably in robustness. Plants from sheltered habitats are generally slender, those from rough-water coasts usually relatively robust.

The type of P. polyphora Kützing (in L, 941, 240...157) is more likely E. hystrix rather than E. hookeri.

References:

ADAMS, N.M. (1994). Seaweeds of New Zealand. (Cant. Univ. Press: Christchurch.)

AGARDH, J.G. (1863). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 3, pp. 787–1291. (Gleerup: Lund.)

DE TONI, G.B. & FORTI, A. (1923). Alghe di Australia, Tasmania e Nouva Zelanda. Mem. R. Inst. Veneto Sci., Lett. Arti 29, 1–183, Plates 1–10.

DE TONI, G.B. (1896). Pugillo di alghe Australiane Raccolte all'isola di Flinders. Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1896, 224–231.

DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3. pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)

FALKENBERG, P. (1901). Die Rhodomelaceen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel. Monogr. 26. (Friedländer: Berlin.)

FUHRER, B., CHRISTIANSON, I.G., CLAYTON, M.N. & ALLENDER, B.M. (1981). Seaweeds of Australia. (Reed: Sydney.)

GUILER, E.R. (1952). The marine algae of Tasmania. Checklist with localities. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 86, 71–106.

HARVEY, W.H. (1847). Nereis Australis, pp. 1–69, Plates 1–25. (Reeve: London.)

HOOKER, J.D. & HARVEY, W.H. (1847). Algae Tasmanicae. Lond. J. Bot. 6, 397–417.

HUISMAN, J.M. (2000). Marine Plants of Australia. (Univ. W. Aust. Press, Nedlands, W. Aust. & ABRS, Canberra, A.C.T.)

KÜTZING, F.T. (1849). Species Algarum. (Leipzig.)

KÜTZING, F.T. (1864). Tabulae Phycologicae. Vol. 14. (Nordhausen.)

KYLIN, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. (Gleerups: Lund.)

LEVRING, T. (1946). A list of marine algae from Australia and Tasmania. Acta Horti gothoburg 16, 215–227.

LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)

LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.

LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929a). The marine algae of Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1928, 6–27.

LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929b). A census of the marine algae of South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 53, 45–53.

MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S. W. Natl Herb. 3, 349–429.

REINBOLD, T. (1897). Die Algen der Lacepede und Guichen Bay und deren náherer Umgebung (Slid Australien), gesammelt von Dr. A. Engelhart-Kingston. Nuova Notarisia 8, 41–62.

SEGI, T. (1966). The type or authentic specimens of Polysiphonia in Europe. Rep. Fac. Fish., Prefect. Univ. Mie 5, 503–516, Plates 1–25.

SHEPHERD, S.A. & WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1981). The algal and seagrass ecology of Waterloo Bay, South Australia. Aquat. Bot. 11, 305–371.

SHEPHERD, S.A. (1983). Benthic communities of upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 107, 69–85.

SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (Univ. California Press: Berkeley.)

SONDER, O.W. (1853). Plantae Muellerianae. Algae. Linnaea 25, 657–709.

SONDER, O.W. (1855). Algae annis 1852 et 1853 collectae. Linnaea 26, 506–528.

SONDER, O.W. (1880). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)

TATE, R. (1882a). A list of the charas, mosses, liverworts, lichens, fungs, and algals of extratropical South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 4, 5–24.

TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.

WILSON, J.B. (1892). Catalogue of algae collected at or near Port Phillip Heads and Western Port. Proc. R. Soc. Viet. 4, 157–190.

WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1950). The marine algae of Kangaroo Island. III. List of Species 1. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 73, 137–197.

The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.

Publication: Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.


Illustration in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIG. 94.

Figure 94 image

Figure 94   enlarge

Fig. 94. Echinothamnion hystrix (A, AD, A33577; B, AD, A29986; C, AD, A64475; D, AD, A66910; E, AD, A28065; F, AD, A44460). A. Habit. B. Branch apices. C. Transverse section of axis. D. Cystocarps on determinate laterals. E. Spermatangial branches. F. Determinate laterals with tetrasporangia.


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