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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Family Rhodomelaceae – Tribe Lophothalieae
Selected citations: De Toni 1903: 1021. Guiler 1952: 104. Huisman 1997: 204. Kylin 1956: 512, fig. 405B. Lucas 1909: 43; 1929a: 22. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 286, fig. 131. May 1965: 378. Parsons 1975: 659, figs 30, 31, 46A. Shepherd 1983: 83. Shepherd & Womersley 1981: 367. Silva et al. 1996: 491. Womersley 1950: 186.
Synonyms
Dasya bolbochaete Harvey 1844b: 434; 1846: 421; 1849a: 65, pl. 25; 1859b: 304; 1863, synop.: xxiv. J. Agardh 1863: 1233. Kützing 1849: 797; 1864: 23, pl. 65a-c. Sonder 1853: 703; 1880: 36.
Lophothalia bolbochaete (Harvey) J. Agardh 1890: 63. Schmitz 1893: 220. Wilson 1892: 165.
Polysiphonia longissima J. Agardh 1896: 109. De Toni 1903: 906. Guiler 1952: 103. Lucas 1909: 41. Lucas & Perrin 1947: 265.
Thallus (Fig. 1 13A) light to dark red-brown, 10–70 cm high, with denuded, branched, cartilaginous main axes 1–2 (–3) mm in diameter, bearing irregularly (often clustered) laterals 10–20 cm long, branched for 1–3 orders, upper and mid branches clothed with small discrete branch systems (Fig. 113B) of short, quadrifarous, shoots bearing rhodoplastic trichoblasts spirally. Cortication commences about 50 segments from apices, first with rhizoidal filaments lying outside and between the pericentral cells and later covering the branch and becoming heavy on lower axes; the 4 pericentral cells (sometimes with 1–2 more interposed cells) remain clear in transverse section (Fig. 113C, D), and the outer cortex is of elongate cells. Holdfast discoid, 1–3 mm across; epilithic. Structure monopodial (Fig. 115A), with 4 pericentral cells formed in alternating sequence 20–27 segments below apices, each axial segment bearing a simple (or basally branched) trichoblast (Fig. 115B), spirally arranged with the subbasal cell forming a short shoot; adventitious filaments absent. Short shoots 1–4 mm long, with an axis of 15–30 small isodiametric cells bearing spirally arranged trichoblasts; these short shoots give a characteristic appearance to the branches. Trichoblasts slender, 2–4 mm long, 12–25 µm in diameter and scarcely tapering, basal cell short (L/D about 1), mid and upper cells L/D (3–) 4–8, terminal cell tapering with a rounded tip. Cells uninucleate; rhodoplasts discoid.
Reproduction: Gametophytes dioecious. Procarps (Fig. 115C) occur 2–3 cells from base of a trichoblast on a short shoot, developing 5 pericentral cells with the fifth bearing a sterile group of 4 cells and a 4-celled carpogonial branch. Carposporophytes with a basal fusion cell bearing erect gonimoblast filaments with clavate terminal carposporangia 25–40 µm in diameter, replaced from below. Cystocarps (Fig. 113E) ovoid to globose, 0.8–1.5 mm in diameter, with a stalk 0.5–2 mm long but no neck; pericarp ostiolate, several cells thick with small cortical cells. Spermatangial organs (Figs 114A, 115D) on trichoblasts of short shoots, with several sterile basal and apical cells, 100–400 µm long and 40–65 µm in diameter, with 10–15 fertile segments of 3 pericentral cells (subdividing to 5–6) cutting off an outer layer of spermatangia (Fig. 115E).
Tetrasporangial stichidia (Figs 114B, 115F) formed from axes of the short shoots, 0.3–1 (–1.6) mm long and 200–250 µm in diameter, the tetrasporangia formed in decussate pairs with 2 pre-sporangial and 1 post-sporangial cover cells (Fig. 115G); tetrasporangia 70–110 µm in diameter.
Type from Georgetown, Tas. (Gunn); holotype in Herb. Harvey, TCD (Gunn 1264)
Selected specimens: Houtman Abrolhos, W. Aust., 50 m deep between Rat and Pelsart Groups (P. Sladen Exp. Nov.1915; UWA, A904). Port Denison, W. Aust., drift (Kraft 3994, 14.xii.1971; AD, A41725). Cliff Head, W. Aust., drift (Womersley, 18.ix.1979; AD, A51244). Eyre, W. Aust., drift (Parsons, 22.xi.1968; AD, A34406). Head of Great Australian Bight, S. Aust., drift (Parsons, 4.xi.1968; AD, A32946). Elliston, S. Aust., 10–11 m deep in bay (Shepherd, 20.x.1969; AD, A35005). Hopkins I., S. Aust., 33 m deep (Branden, 8.i.1989; AD, A60000). N Spencer Gulf, S. Aust., 10 m deep (Shepherd, 5.ix.1973; AD, A44223). Off Troubridge Light, S. Aust., 17 m deep (Shepherd, 4.ii.1969; AD, A33445). 5 km W of Port Noarlunga, S. Aust., 21 m deep (Ottaway, 8.xii.1980; AD, A52135). Port Elliot, S. Aust., drift (Parsons, 15.i.1968; AD, A32207). Stanley Beach, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 7.ii.1956; AD, A20101). Ironstone Point, E of Penneshaw, Kangaroo I., S. Aust., 15 m deep (Lavers, 1.ii.1996; AD, A64629). Cape Jaffa, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 22.xi.1998; AD, A67968). Robe, S. Aust., drift (Womersley, 11.xii.1969; AD, A34874). Walkerville, Vic., drift (Sinkora A2541, 9.iii.1979; AD, A60966). Devonport, Tas., drift (Womersley, 23.x.1986; AD, A57455). Georgetown, Tas. (Perrin, 29.i.1949; AD, A16454).
Distribution: Houtman Abrolhos, W. Aust., around southern Australia to Walkerville, Vic., and the N coast of Tasmania.
Taxonomic notes: D. bolbochaete was described in detail by Parsons (1975, p. 659).
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1863). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 2, Part 3, pp. 787–1291. (Gleerup: Lund.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1890). Till algernes systematik. Acta Univ. lund. 26(3), 1–125, Plates 1–3.
AGARDH, J.G. (1896). Analecta Algologica. Cont. III. Acta Univ. lund. 32, 1–140, Plate 1.
DE TONI, G.B. (1903). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 3. pp. 775–1521 + 1523–1525. (Padua.)
FALKENBERG, P. (1901). Die Rhodomelaceen des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-abschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel. Monogr. 26. (Friedländer: Berlin.)
GUILER, E.R. (1952). The marine algae of Tasmania. Checklist with localities. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasmania 86, 71–106.
HARVEY, W.H. (1844b). Algae of Tasmania. Lond. J. Bot. 3, 428–454.
HARVEY, W.H. (1846). Algae of Tasmania. Tas. Journal 2, 377–384, 421–427. [N.B. This is a reprint of Harvey 1844b.]
HARVEY, W.H. (1849a). Nereis Australis, pp. 65–124, Plates 26–50. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1859b). Algae. In Hooker, J.D., The Botany of the Antarctic Voyage. III. Flora Tasmaniae. Vol. II, pp. 282–343, Plates 185–196. (Reeve: London.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1863). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 5, Plates 241–300, synop., pp. i-lxxiii. (Reeve: London.)
HUISMAN, J.M. (1997). Marine Benthic Algae of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. In Wells, F.E. (Ed.) The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia, pp. 177–237. (W. Aust. Museum: Perth.)
KÜTZING, F.T. (1849). Species Algarum. (Leipzig.)
KÜTZING, F.T. (1864). Tabulae Phycologicae. Vol. 14. (Nordhausen.)
KYLIN, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. (Gleerups: Lund.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. & PERRIN, F. (1947). The Seaweeds of South Australia. Part 2. The Red Seaweeds. (Govt Printer: Adelaide.)
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1909). Revised list of the Fucoideae and Florideae of Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 34, 9–60.
LUCAS, A.H.S. (1929a). The marine algae of Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 1928, 6–27.
MAY, V. (1965). A census and key to the species of Rhodophyceae (red algae) recorded from Australia. Contr. N.S. W. Natl Herb. 3, 349–429.
PARSONS, M.J. (1975). Morphology and taxonomy of the Dasyaceae and Lophothalieae (Rhodomelaceae) of the Rhodophyta. Aust. J. Bot. 23(4), 549–713.
SCHMITZ, F. (1893). Die gattung Lophothalia, J. Ag. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 11, 212–232.
SHEPHERD, S.A. & WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1981). The algal and seagrass ecology of Waterloo Bay, South Australia. Aquat. Bot. 11, 305–371.
SHEPHERD, S.A. (1983). Benthic communities of upper Spencer Gulf, South Australia. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 107, 69–85.
SILVA, P.C., BASSON, P.W. & MOE, R.L. (1996). Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean. (Univ. California Press: Berkeley.)
SONDER, O.W. (1853). Plantae Muellerianae. Algae. Linnaea 25, 657–709.
SONDER, O.W. (1880). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
WILSON, J.B. (1892). Catalogue of algae collected at or near Port Phillip Heads and Western Port. Proc. R. Soc. Viet. 4, 157–190.
WOMERSLEY, H.B.S. (1950). The marine algae of Kangaroo Island. III. List of Species 1. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 73, 137–197.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (24 February, 2003)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIID. Ceramiales – Delesseriaceae, Sarcomeniaceae, Rhodomelaceae
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIID 2003, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustrations in Womersley Part IIIA, 2003: FIGS 113, 114A, B, 115.
Figure 113 enlarge
Fig. 113. Doxodasya bolbochaete (A, AD, A35005, B, D, AD, A67968; C, E, AD, A60000). A, Habit. B. Branch with discrete tufts of trichoblasts. C. Transverse section of young axis. D. Transverse section of old axis. E. Branch with cystocarps.
Figure 114 enlarge
Fig. 114. A, B. Doxodasya bolbochaete (A, AD, A60000; B, AD, A32946). A. Spermatangial organs. B. Tetrasporangial stichidia. C–E. Doxodasya lanuginosa (C, E, AD, A62208; D, AD, A32205). C. Habit. D. Branch apex with trichoblasts and monosiphonous filaments. E. Transverse section of branch.
Figure 115 enlarge
Fig. 115. Doxodasya bolbochaete (A–C, AD, A32946; D, E, AD, A35005; F, G, AD, A34406). A. Apex of a branch. B. Short shoot with trichoblasts. C. A procarp. D. Spermatangial organs. E. Transverse section of a spermatangial organ. F. Stichidia. G. Transverse section of a stichidium (lacking tetrasporangia at 2 and 3). (All as in Parsons 1975, courtesy of Aust. J. Bot.)
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