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Electronic Flora of South Australia Species Fact Sheet
Phylum Rhodophyta – Class Florideophyceae – Order Rhodymeniales – Family Rhodymeniaceae
Selected citations: Irvine & Guiry 1986: 292, figs 3–5, pl. 1 figs 1, 2.
Synonyms
Callophyllis coronata Harvey 1859a: pl. 97.
Fauchea coronata (Harvey) J. Agardh 1876: 294; 1879: 126, pl. 19 figs 5–7. De Toni 1900b: 494. Irvine & Guiry 1986: 292, figs 3–5, pl. 1 figs 1, 2. Sonder 1881: 17. Tisdall 1898: 506. Wilson 1892: 180.
Thallus (Fig. 35A) medium to dark red-brown, 20–50 cm high, complanately branched with lower (previous season?) parts 1–2.5 cm broad, with frequent marginal, irregularly subdichotomous branches commonly 6–25 cm long and 5–15 mm broad, tapering to 2–4 mm broad near apices. Holdfast discoid; epilithic. Structure multiaxial, developing a compact cortex (Fig. 35B) 40–80 (–130) µm thick, the outer cortex of mostly simple (basally branched) anticlinal filaments of 5–8 (–15) ovoid cells 1.5–2.5 µm in diameter, arising from the compact inner cortex of periclinally ovoid cells 4–6 µm in diameter. Medulla 4–6 cells thick, cells ovoid, (50–) 100–300 (–400) µm in diameter, with walls 6–15 (–22) µm thick and mostly without pit-connections; rhizoidal filaments (Fig. 35B) prominent between medullary cells, forming a layer 1–4 cells thick, cells 2–6 µm in diameter and L/D (1–) 2–6 (–8). Rhodoplasts discoid.
Reproduction: Gametangial thalli probably dioecious. Carpogonial branches (Fig. 37A) probably 3-celled, borne on an inner cortical supporting cell. Auxiliary cell branch (Fig. 35C) 3-celled, with prominent lateral pit-connections from the lower two cells to adjacent cells. Carposporophyte dendroid (Fig. 35D), with a basal, erect, elongate fusion cell with upper branches bearing lobes of ovoid carposporangia 15–20 µm in diameter. Basal nutritive tissue prominent, erect filaments persistent (Fig. 35E), with elongate cells around the carposporophyte and short-celled filaments around the ostiole. Cystocarps marginal and over the surface of broader branches, external, sessile, 0.7–1.2 mm across, without horns or developing short horns with age, ostiolate. Spermatangia unknown.
Tetrasporangia scattered, cruciately divided (Guiry, pers. comm.).
Type from Port Phillip Heads, Vic. (Harvey); lectotype in Herb. Harvey, TCD (Alg. Aust. Exsicc. 406E).
Selected specimens: Port MacDonnell, S. Aust., drift (Kraft 5960, 21.xii.1975; MELU, 23110; AD, A61466).
Distribution: Only known from Port Phillip Heads, Vic., and Port MacDonnell, S. Aust.
Taxonomic notes: F. coronata appears to be a rare species, known only from the type and Port MacDonnell collections; it is probably a deep water species.
The cystocarps are mostly without horns, but develop short ones with age; the latter were illustrated by Harvey (1859a, pl. 97 figs 3, 4).
Chapman & Dromgoole (1970, p. 119, pl. 39 lower) recorded F. coronata from Kaikoura and the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, but this record is almost certainly incorrect.
References:
AGARDH, J.G. (1876). Species Genera et Ordines Algarum. Vol. 3, Part 1 — Epicrisis systematis Floridearum, pp. i-vii, 1–724. (Weigel: Leipzig.)
AGARDH, J.G. (1879). Florideernes morphologi. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 15(6), 1–199, Plates 1–33.
CHAPMAN, V.J. & DROMGOOLE, F.I. (1970). The marine algae of New Zealand, Part III: Rhodophyceae. Issue 2: Florideophycidae: Rhodyméniales, pp. 115–154, Plates 39–50. (Cramer: Germany.)
DE TONI, G.B. (1900b). Sylloge Algarum omnium hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Florideae. Sect. 2, pp. 387–776. (Padua.)
HARVEY, W.H. (1859a). Phycologia Australica. Vol. 2, Plates 61–120. (Reeve: London.)
IRVINE, D.E.G. & GUIRY, M.D. (1986). Taxonomy of the Rhodyméniales. In T.V. Desikachary (Ed.). Taxonomy of Algae, pp. 287–303, Plates 1, 2. (Univ. Madras: Madras.)
KYLIN, H. (1931). Die Florideenordnung Rhodyméniales. Lunds Univ. Årsskr. N.F. Avd. 2, 27 (11), 1–48, Plates 1–20.
KYLIN, H. (1956). Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. (Gleerups: Lund.)
SONDER, O.W. (1881). In Mueller, F., Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Supplementum ad volumen undecinum: Algae Australianae hactenus cognitae, pp. 1–42, 105–107. (Melbourne.)
TISDALL, H.T. (1898). The algae of Victoria. Rep. 7th Meet. Aust. Ass. Adv. Sci., Sydney, 1898, pp. 493–516.
WILSON, J.B. (1892). Catalogue of algae collected at or near Port Phillip Heads and Western Port. Proc. R. Soc. Vict. 4, 157–190.
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIB complete list of references.
Publication:
Womersley, H.B.S. (28 June, 1996)
The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia
Rhodophyta. Part IIIB. Gracilarialse, Rhodymeniales, Corallinales and Bonnemaisoniales
Reproduced with permission from The Marine Benthic Flora of Southern Australia Part IIIB 1996, by H.B.S. Womersley. Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Copyright Commonwealth of Australia.
Illustrations in Womersley Part IIIA, 1996: FIGS 35, 37A.
Figure 35 enlarge
Fig. 35. Faucheopsis coronata (AD, A61466). A. Habit. B. Transverse section of mature thallus. C. Auxiliary cell branch (3 cells) with broad lateral pit-connections from the lower two cells of the branch to cortical filaments. D. Section of cystocarp with young carposporophyte. E. Carposporophyte with branched basal fusion cells, basal nutritive tissue, and relatively persistent erect filaments.
Figure 37 enlarge
Fig. 37. A. Faucheopsis coronata (AD, A61466). Transverse section of cortex (post fertilization) with supporting cell, probable carpogonial branch and auxiliary cell branch. B. Gloiocladia fruticulosa (AD, A26723). Transverse section of cortex with supporting cell and probable carpogonial branch. C. Gloiocladia australe (AD, A33408). Transverse section of cortex with a supporting cell bearing probable lower cells of a carpogonial branch and a 3-celled auxiliary cell branch. D. Gloiocladia halymenioides (AD, A43722). Transverse section of cortex with a 4-celled carpogonial branch. E. Leptosomia rosea (AD, A63215). Section of cortex with an old carpogonial branch and young carposporophyte.
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