Citation: Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. 2:346 (1794).

Derivation: After Samuel Goodenough, 1743-1827, Bishop of Carlisle, botanist and vice-president of the Royal Society.

Synonymy: Not Applicable

Common name: Goodenias.

Description:
Herbs, undershrubs and shrubs; leaves basal or cauline, usually flat, entire to pinnatipartite.

Inflorescence racemose, sometimes a thyrse or condensed almost into an umbel, rarely flowers solitary in axils of basal leaves; flowers often with a pair of small bracteoles, strongly zygomorphic, epigynous with a hypanthium; sepals 5; corolla shortly tubular, deeply split posteriorly, with an anterior nectary pocket or spur appressed to the ovary; lobes winged, unequal, the 2 posterior upcurved, often auriculate, more deeply cut than the anterior 3; stamens free, epigynous; anthers oblong; style simple or deeply 2-fid, glabrous to villous, shorter than the corolla; indusium square to transversely elliptic or ovate, 2-lipped, with bristles on the upper or both lips; stigma entire to emarginate; ovary inferior to semi-inferior, incompletely 2-celled with a dissepiment bearing few to many ovules.

Fruit a 2-valved capsule; valves often 2-fid; seeds endospermic, more or less flattened, with a distinct rim and/or a wing; caruncle absent.

Distribution:  About 170 species, almost all Australian, but extending to New Guinea and Indonesia.

Biology: No text

Taxonomic notes: Descriptions of Goodenia species were written by D. A. Cooke with the help of an unpublished draft revision by R. C. Carolin. Latin protologues of new species are entirely the work of R. C. Carolin.

Key to Species:

1. Corolla blue to purple with a yellow throat	GROUP A.
1. Corolla yellow to white
2. Bracteoles present
3. Shrubs and undershrubs with cauline leaves	GROUP B.
3. Herbs (usually with basal leaves forming a rosette)	GROUP C.
2. Bracteoles absent
4. Leaves linear-terete	G. triodiophila 36.
4. Leaves not linear, flat
5. Leaves glabrous or with minute glandular hairs only	GROUP D.
5. Leaves pubescent to villous with macroscopic simple non- glandular hairs (glandular hairs often also present)	GROUP E.
GROUP A
1. Bracteoles present; leaves glabrous or subglabrous	G. ramelii 33.
1. Bracteoles absent; leaves villous	G. vilmoriniae 39.
GROUP B
1. Leaves greyish appressed-pubcscent with T-shaped non-glandular hairs	G. mueckeana 27.
1. Leaves glabrous or pubescent with spreading simple and glandular hairs
2. Corolla white
2. Corolla yellow.	G. albiflora 2.
3. Leaves sessile, often stem-clasping
4. Leaves mostly 3-9 cm long; indusium entire	G. amplexans 3.
4. Leaves mostly 1-2.5 cm long; indusium notched G. benthamiana 5
3. Leaves petiolate.
5. Bracteoles apparently produced directly in the axil of the bract
6. Leaves lanceolate, viscid	G. brunnea 8.
6. Leaves broadly ovate not viscid	G. saccata 35.
5. Bracteoles 2-30 mm along the peduncle
7. Leaves and stem pubescent: corolla lobes with ciliate wings	G. chambersii 11.
7. Leaves and stems glabrous
8. Leaves thin: nectary pocket obscure, to one-quarter the length of the ovary	G. ovata 29.
8. Leaves thick; nectary pocket distinct, about half the length of the ovary
9. Sepals 2-3.5 mm long; corolla glabrous outside	G. varia 37.
9. Sepals 6-10 mm long; corolla pubescent outside	G. vernicosa 38.
GROUP C
1. Corolla white with brown lines; nectary spur far exceeding the ovary	G. calcarata 9.
1. Corolla yellow' nectary pocket up to the length of the ovary often much shorter and obscure
2. Ovules arranged irregularly over the dissepiment
3. Leaves villous	G. humilis 23.
3. Leaves glabrous or glabrescent	G. modesta 26.
2. Ovules in 2 rows on each side of the dissepiment
4. Leaves glabrescent
5. Cauline leaves symmetrically narrowed at the base	G. centralis 10.
5. Cauline leaves with a large lobe on one side at the base	G. glabra 17.
4. Leaves remaining hirsute or villous, at least on the lower surface
6. Upper leaf surface glabrescent	G. blackiana 7.
6. Upper leaf surface remaining hirsute or villous.
7. Stellate hairs present
7. Stellate hairs absent.	G. affinis 1.
8. Leaves all basal, never stem-clasping	G. affinis 1.
8. Cauline leaves stem-clasping	G. robusta 34.
9. Seeds flat with a thickened rim, yellow-brown; anterior corolla lobes 7-7.5 mm long	G. geniculata 15.
9. Seeds biconvex, distorted, without a prominent rim, dark-brown to black; anterior corolla lobes 4-5.5 mm long	G. hirsuta 22.
GROUP D
1. Leaves finely glandular-pubescent	G. havilandii 19.
1. Leaves glabrous, never glandular or viscid
2. Leaves deeply dentate or pinnatisect; corolla white with brownish markings	G. calcarata 9.
2. Leaves entire; corolla yellow
3. Corolla 8-9 mm long	G. anfracta 4.
3. Corolla 14-18 mm long	G. glauca 18.
GROUP E
1. Style deeply 2-fid
1. Style unbranched.	G. berardiana 6.
2. Corolla 4-7 mm long
3. Indusium entire	G. occidentalis 28.
3. Indusium notched	G. pusilliflora 31.
2. Corolla 8-23 mm long
4. Indusium oblong to square	G. heteromera 21.
4. Indusium broader than long
5. Nectary pocket or spur prominent, subequal to or exceeding the ovary
6. Leaves densely glandular-pubescent and with appressed simple hairs
7. Seed elliptic, with a narrow opaque wing	G. lobata 24.
7. Seed orbicular, with a broad hyaline wing overlapping the black body	G. quasilibera 32.
6. Leaves with dense or sparse spreading simple hairs; glandular hairs inconspicuous or absent
8. Corolla densely pubescent; seeds orbicular, broadly winged	G. cycloptera 12.
8. Corolla glabrous or subglabrous; seeds elliptic, narrowly winged	G. gibbosa 16.
5. Nectary pocket obscure, much shorter than the ovary
9. Upper lip of the indusium glabrous or with vestigial bristles	G. lunata 25.
9. Upper lip of the indusium beset with prominent white bristles
10. Ovary attenuate at the base
11. Annual with a single, usually unbranched, erect stem G. elongata 13
11. Perennial with several decumbent or prostrate stems G. hirsuta 22
10. Ovary obtuse at the base
12. Leaves mostly cauline, the basal rosett~ soon withering	G. heterochila 20.
12. Leaves mostly basal in a rosette
13. Vestiture of appressed hairs; corolla densely silky-pubescent outside	G. fascicularis 14.
13. Vestiture of spreading hairs; corolla glabrous or subglabrous outside	G. pinnatifida 30.

Author: Prepared by R. C. Carolin and D. A. Cooke